Plasticizer industry must upgrade technology breakthroughs

Plasticizer industry because of inadequate investment in technology , new product development is slow, high-end products are still plasticizers and high dependence on imports , in 2010 imports aluminium stearate  amounted to 270,000 tons . The domestic low-level , non- environmentally friendly plasticizer has overcapacity , lack of industry operating rates , vicious market competition , the overall economic benefits to poor . Even more worrying is that the total amount of plasticizer variety of environmentally friendly products less gravity low . Currently, the market consumption of around 2.2 million tons of plasticizers , which hexyl phthalate , octyl ester ( referred to as DOP category ) accounted for about 60% of the total. As early as in the 1980s , the EU has already proved DOP on animal carcinogenicity and other toxic . EU, Japan, the first restrictions on food packaging, medical supplies , children’s toys and other PVC in close contact with the human body supplies . In recent years, many of our products exported to European countries being withheld , returns, causing huge economic losses. To this end, China has set standards , restrict or limit the use of some non- environmentally friendly plasticizer products. Research is imperative to increase the toxic plasticizer
For commonly used plasticizer DEHP bottle washer dangers , but  Polyethylene wax our research and production of non-toxic plasticizer still have a big gap with the developed countries , which we need to strengthen national scientific research and related companies , for the early realization industrialization , breaking international barriers related plasticizer contribute to foreign exchange earnings for the country .
For bottle manufacturers, the opportunity is often difficult , if able to secure a breakthrough in the field PVC flame retardant  of plasticizers caps , will be in the development of a dominant position in the industry , the enterprise is a favorable opportunity to outperform their competitors and dominate the market .

Dyes and pigments ( paints ) advantages and disadvantages of inkjet printing

For many years engaged in the digital printing industry, my friends, is all too familiar for the ink , but , what is reactive dyes , acid dyes with what is scattered , what is the paint , I believe we understand more than we Honghua Digital Share your ex several content is more familiar , however, you want to have in the digital printing industry further development, we can not just stop using reactive dyes on cotton with silk printing , disperse dyes on polyester and other synthetic fibers used in printing, acid dye is not just for use in printed on wool silk is also used in the printing , coatings can be applied in different fabrics , although understanding of these is necessary for insiders , but want innovation , you want to develop , you need to have a more in-depth understanding , let PVC heat stabilizer  to share with the next dye pigments with related content . Use of a colorant in ink-jet printing is divided into two categories, namely water-soluble dye with a water-insoluble organic or inorganic pigments.
The main advantage of the colorant is a dye chromatography is complete , vibrant colors , high color yield strength, excellent water solubility, to facilitate the production of printing inks , low cost , easy to produce a high concentration of ink, and the ink stability , nozzle clogging , printing high quality , suitable for use in fast -jet printing, eco- environmental problems do not exist . Are generally water-soluble dyes, moisturizers, driers, water-based ink formulation made ​​together viscosity modifiers , PH regulator, fungicide with pure water. Moment commercialization inkjet printers use ink majority fall into this category . Prepared by the dye colorant water-based printing inks are printed with water fastness products exist poor light fastness , easy to stain  Zinc stearate other shortcomings. Value added is a special moment because textile inkjet printing is very high, the fastness requirements are significantly higher than the general fabric. Application of paint ( paint ) inkjet printing has attracted wide attention. While inkjet printing ink pigment particles in the size of the nozzle is blocked, ink rheology stability with special sensitivity . The viscosity of the pigment ink is also limited , it is difficult to print darker color pattern , which also limits its research with development . The biggest advantage lies in the pigment colorants with excellent light fastness washing fastness . However, when a pigment is insoluble in water , and therefore the use of pigment colorants in the preparation of water-based inks , the pigment is usually required to grind to a fine powder with a surfactant or the polymer dispersant dispersing the suspension in the water to produce water-based ink. Water-based ink system is thermodynamically unstable , difficult to Optical brightener  formulate good stability made ​​of high ink density . Because the surface tension and other reasons, pigment colorants tend to aggregate in the water , so low printing color yield strength , the package is not bright color , pattern is not clear, and easy to clog the nozzle. In addition, there chromatography pigment colorants is not complete , color brightly enough to prepare high ink costs and other shortcomings. So the real full commercialization of pigment-based ink -jet printing is very limited.

Ca-Zn composite heat stabilizer Precautions

Ca-Zn composite heat stabilizer in an efficient, high environmental protection is known, no smell , dispersion , mobility , stability , weather resistance, excellent transparency . At present, both  Metallic stearate plates, areas of production and processing profiles or plastics , composite stabilizer have become integral . When adding calcium zinc composite heat stabilizer, you first need to consider compatibility with the polymer is added between . If you add a composite stabilizer and polymer compounds produce a certain reaction , eroding the additive effect but will be counterproductive . Compatibility between various plastics additives is also important , not simply add a stabilizer during plastic processing , will add time to pay attention to the role of auxiliaries and additives occur between Pigments  each other . Different plastics composite stabilizer for added performance , odor , stability , thermal properties and other characteristics different requirements , in operation to do to analyze specific issues , select the appropriate composite stabilizer . Also note that when you add another calcium zinc composite heat stabilizer moderation, too much or too little will not achieve the intended stabilizing effect . Stabilizer compound is mixed with the resin is effective in improving the uniformity of dispersion , improved production conditions so Flame retardant  that production of products possible to clean , simple supply and the auxiliary reserve , reducing the probability of measurement errors and losses arising therefrom .

Some of the main content of the optical brightener

The optical brighteners (Optical whitener) are a  Metallic stearate class of fabrics and the like to improve the whiteness of the organic compounds. Also known as fluorescent whitening agent. Fabrics often because it contains impurities yellow color, in the past have adopted the method of bleaching chemical bleaching, now in progress in the use of add brighteners approach. Its role is to absorb the products of invisible ultraviolet radiation into violet-blue fluorescence radiation, with the original yellow radiation mutually complementary color to become white, improve whiteness in daylight. Brighteners have been widely used in the textile, paper, detergent, soap, rubber, plastics, pigments and paints. Classification
According to the chemical structure can be  Optical brightener divided into five categories:
① stilbene, and some synthetic fibers for cotton fiber, paper, soap and other industries, with blue fluorescence;
② coumarin, coumarone having the basic structure for celluloid, polyvinyl chloride, etc., with a strong blue fluorescence;
③ pyrazoline type, for wool, polyamide, acrylic and other fibers, with a green fluorescent color;
④ benzoxazepin nitrogen type, such as for acrylic fibers and polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and other plastics, has a red fluorescence;
⑤ phthalimide type, for polyester, acrylic, nylon and  PVC plasticizer other fibers, having a blue fluorescence.

Safety issues composite stabilizer

Security issues PVC composite stabilizer has more and more people’s attention. Safety PVC composite stabilizer should consider three aspects, namely the safety of the use of raw materials processing, the second is the user’s security, the third is the safety of waste on the environment. The security measures were processed through the stabilizer liquefaction, cream of the particles and so to be addressed. For the user’s safety, the stabilizers can be prepared in a high molecular weight or a reactive stabilizers to improve their resistance to draw, but considering the stabilization of the chemical reactions at the  plastic flame retardant molecular level, the above method is not the most appropriate method, the most good way to use high security or stabilizers. When selecting the stabilizer must also be considered that the resin stabilized with a stabilizer, or a stabilizer formed by the reaction occurs between each chemical safety.
Various types of safety stabilizers see cadmium stabilizers in the near future will be suspended. But a slow process, one reason is the cost of using the time to go up 10% -20%, and cadmium-based stabilizers can not be common to a wide range of PVC mixture majority of non-cadmium stabilizers. Such as processing narrower, but also often need to  aluminum stearate use an auxiliary stabilizer compensate for its performance deficiencies. Now no cadmium stabilizers have performance performance has reached a cadmium stabilizers. Quickly develop calcium zinc stabilizers. And in powder, paste and liquid, as well as standard grade and nontoxic for sale, second-generation calcium zinc stabilizer in food and drug packaging has been replaced by tin and zinc-based methyl tin.
Lead-based stabilizers for its extraction resistance set small, so security is not a problem when used, but there are security issues endanger the environment. Because lead-based stabilizers low cost, high efficiency, many companies are using this, along with the non-lead PVC composite stabilizer development, lead salts are being replaced by calcium stearate  non-toxic environmentally friendly stabilizer. Since many countries ban lead, lead-based stabilizers are out of the market.
In short, the composite heat stabilizer scale production conducive to the development of lead salt heat stabilizer provides a new direction. An important indicator of lead salt composite stabilizer is the content of lead, lead salt composite stabilizer lead content of current production is generally 20% -60%; usage in the production of PVC plastic window profiles for 3.5-6 copies.

PVC heat stabilizers tribasic lead sulfate extraction

Since PVC heat stabilizers tribasic lead sulfate extraction, the process is  organic pigments more complex, many factors have an article can not be described in detail, it is hereby removed all the details on this, give us a statement about. To tell you the amount of influence on the thermal stability of the coating tribasic lead sulfate under below. Covering a significant impact on the amount of thermal stabilization time, with coating amount increased from 40% to 55%, the thermal stability of the extension of time from 59 minutes to 73 minutes, that is coated lead salt thermal stability at this stage in the cladding amount proportional to the amount of coating increases the thermal stability of time also increased slightly, namely from 73 minutes to 75 minutes, the growth rate slowed significantly. Subsequently, since almost no thermal stabilization time with increasing coating amount increases when the coating amount of 50%, since the  Zinc stearate thermal stabilization time has reached 71 minutes, and thermal stabilization time of tribasic lead sulfate stabilizer 72 minutes have been quite.
Since PVC stabilizer in the process of capturing HCl affect the diffusion process of closing when the optimal amount of coating covering the amount of stabilizer in the best form of state capture HCl is its ability to capture even more than three HCl salt lead sulfate, with more than the optimum amount, the stabilizing agent is masked in many surface stabilizer, and the surface of the capture HCl generated PbCl2 salt stabilizing function and thus can not, therefore, even if increasing the  PVC lubricant amount of tribasic lead sulfate, the stable function is difficult to continue to grow.

PVC heat stabilizers performance

The first part to introduce the thermal stability of coating amount  aluminium stearate of tribasic lead sulfate. This article describes the effects of lead salts and then give you the concentration of PVC heat stabilizers performance. As can be seen in the concentration of lead in solution (in PbO dollars) from 300 g / L to 400 g / L, thermal stabilization time from 65 minutes to 72 minutes, followed by an increase as the concentration of thermal stabilization time is no longer growing tends to level until 500 g / L, which then begins to decrease. Low concentration of lead inevitably prolonged coating time, affecting the production capacity, is not conducive to a good cladding layer is formed, if the concentration is too high or the lead dropping too fast, can cause local too thick, a first portion and a second portion were to introduce a factors PVC heat stabilizers Lead sulfate tribasic take Process. This section, to introduce two  Zinc stearate factors, they are: the ratio of water and slurry ratio on the thermal stability of time; effect of reaction temperature on the thermal stability of the time.
Impact of a water slurry feed ratio and thermal stability than the time
Means the ratio of water to an aqueous suspension of filler and water in a weight ratio of the inert filler. The percentage by weight than the slurry concentration in the aqueous suspension of the filler in water and an inert filler.
The following table shows the effect of water concentration on the feed ratio and the thermal stability of the slurry of time and can not be uniformly coated on each particle of inert filler, a heat stabilizer to PVC plasticizer  the product affect the thermal stability time.

pvc heat stabilizers study nine Conclusion

This paper describes the application of agents pvc heat stabilizer nine
conclusions, and the conclusions which PVC plasticizer  nine have come from? Later in the
article, we will gradually introduce. Under the direction described here
first introduced, in terms of applied research pvc heat stabilizer agent of
raw materials, experiments and research methods to give you parse. Put the
following application of pvc heat stabilizer agents introduced nine
conclusion to everyone, for everyone to learn.
(L) using unmodified hydrotalcite is  Zinc stearate added to the PVC, thermal stability is
not good, but through the organic acid-modified hydrotalcite significantly
improve the thermal stability of PVC resin, dodecyl sulfonate-modified
Compared with ordinary hydrotalcite hydrotalcite thermal stability time of 25
minutes, and modified by the stearate hydrotalcite thermal stability time of
45 minutes, indicating that the root-modified hydrotalcite stearate for
improving the thermal stability of PVC play significant role.
(2) adding unmodified hydrotalcite has a certain influence on the flow
properties of materials, excessive torque, adding stearate modified
hydrotalcite can significantly reduce the minimum torque and torque balance
of materials, when the content of 4 parts, the material flow, processing
performance is best.
(3) by sodium dodecyl sulfonate, stearate-modified hydrotalcite hydrotalcite
organic ions into the interlayer, such hydrotalcite layer having a larger
space for easy thermal decomposition of PVC into the interlayer with a Cl
organic acid exchange, both to prevent the decomposition of PVC HCI for
catalysis, but also makes the resulting dodecyl sulfonate and stearate
dispersion and so water has a lubricating effect, in addition to organic root
can be directed talc adsorbed on the surface of the water, a charge of talc,
to prevent agglomeration of particles of hydrotalcite and hydrotalcite
cationic organic acid covalently bond the Pigments  surface effect, is toward the outer
end of the chain to an organic hydrophobic hydrotalcite better dispersion in
the PVC, so that greatly increase the absorptive capacity of HCI.
(4) stearic acid-modified hydrotalcite and calcium stearate, zinc stearate,
p-diketone complex optimum content of 4 parts, 0.5 parts by Qiao, 0.2 parts
and 0.2 parts, and stearyl acid-modified hydrotalcite compound and a p-
diketone with a weathering resistance.
(5) by IR spectroscopy confirmed pentaerythritol and adipic acid as raw
materials synthesized by direct esterification product of adipic acid target
pentaerythritol cool.
(6) to determine the optimum conditions for the synthesis of adipic acid
pentaerythritol cool: xylene sulfonate as a catalyst; xylene as water;
pentaerythritol: adipic acid = 3.4:1; unitary purpose temperature controlled
at about 175 ℃ , a reaction time of 1.5 Zh
(7) synthesized by this process a cool product pentaerythritol adipate,
pentaerythritol adipate vinegar alone will be added to PVC heat stabilizer in
the initial performance is excellent, but poor long-term stability, and 2
parts of 1.5 parts of cool The Ca a Zn complex, the formation of a non-toxic,
weather-organic heat stabilizers used in PVC, and can inhibit zinc soap
burning phenomenon peculiar to zinc, zinc and calcium have a good synergy,
while its thermal stability IhJ up to 34min.
(8) Cool pentaerythritol added a certain influence on the flow properties of
the material, the purpose of increasing the content of the unitary can
significantly reduce the minimum torque of materials, improved processability
of the material, when the content of 2 parts pentaerythritol cool, the flow
properties of materials, The best processing performance.
(9) calcium zinc stabilizers and pentaerythritol complex brew PvC can
significantly shorten plasticizing time, improve the initial coloring PVC,
zinc inhibits the burning phenomenon, reducing the process time-consuming.

Role of the principle of processing aids

Role of the principle of processing aids : PVC melt ductility is poor, easily lead to melt broken ; PVC melt relaxation slow, easily lead to the product surface rough, dull and shark skin and so on. Therefore , PVC is often necessary to add the processing of a processing aid to improve the defect of the melt. Processing aids as a class can improve the  antimony flame retardant  performance of resin processing aids, which consists of three main modes of action : promoting resin melt , melt rheology modifiers and gives lubrication. 1 PVC resin is heated to promote the molten resin under shearing force, the first processing modifier in PVC resin is melted and adhered to the particle surfaces , and based on their compatibility with the resin molecular weight , the viscosity of PVC and friction increases, thereby and the shear stress to effectively transfer heat to the PVC resin , PVC accelerate melting . 2 PVC melt melt rheology modifiers have poor strength , ductility and poor melt fracture and other shortcomings, and melt processing modifier can improve these problems . Its mechanism of action : Increase the PVC melt viscoelasticity , thus improving the die swell and increase the iron oxide black   melt strength. 3 gives lubricity modifiers compatible with PVC processing section first melting , melting play a catalytic role ; while the outward migration of the molten resin systems are not compatible with PVC parts, thereby improving mold release . Common varieties of processing aid ACR class , ACR is methyl methacrylate . ACR domestic products ACR-201, ACR-401 and other varieties. ACR-201 is a graft copolymer of methyl methacrylate and acrylic acid ester , the appearance of a white powder that can be added to PVC to improve its melt strength and melt extensibility . ACR-201 is mainly used for rigid PVC profiles , pipes, bottles and sheets, the amount of 0.5 to 2 parts . ACR-401, methyl methacrylate , ethyl acrylate , butyl acrylate , and styrene copolymerized with four monomers , are core – shell copolymers , AMS class , AMS -based oligomeric α- methylstyrene matter , which is also known as hexamers M-80, it is non-toxic and transparent , and can improve mobility and PVC processing products shine. AMS products can be used in rigid PVC , and 2 to 5 parts in a rigid tube , the transparent film 3 parts , 10 parts of the floor . P83 and butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer , the surface treatment after the PVC emulsion , can be used as Plastic impact modifier  a processing aid added in an amount up to about 20 parts . 820-G is a chlorinated polypropylene oxide – ethylene made ​​by free radical grafting , which can improve the processability of PVC , gloss and texture , an amount up to 5 to 10 parts .

Coagulant action principle in the treatment of black liquor

In the papermaking wastewater treatment equipment, chemical flocculation or coagulation to join pharmaceutical, papermaking wastewater before they can make the SS and COD achieve the greatest degree  aluminium stearate of treatment effect on handling. In the papermaking wastewater treatment equipment is generally added coagulant aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate and aluminum chloride and other inorganic compounds, such as efficient aggregation polyacrylamide flocculant. So they are on the treatment of black liquor is kind of how it? What is the application of the principle of it?
Aluminum sulfate treatment principle in the black liquor effluent
Add aluminum sulfate in papermaking wastewater treatment facilities as a precipitation  PVC processing aid treatment agent, is the use of aluminum sulfate in water in the alumina can be difficult nature of the contaminants and precipitated colloidal suspensions carry tiny part of destabilization, such as cohesion and bridging reaction . Into the middle of the paper machine white water and wastewater treatment, in order to achieve the realization of the effect of treatment of sewage discharge and recycling of water and wastewater recycling fiber. Coagulation addition to papermaking black liquor effluent treatment, but also for processing the middle of its water, the same principles are applied. Such as aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride and sodium hypochlorite and PVC stabilizer  other aluminum hypochlorite coagulation agent in papermaking process is acting on the middle of lignin, cellulose, and organic acids, in addition, also be removed in the sewage COD removal pigment.