Organic pigments major factors

Most products contain a divalent metal , such as copper , nickel, iron , manganese , etc., are also replaced by a benzene ring in the molecule pyrrole ring or other rings in the molecule are also introduce other  Plastic impact modifier groups , different structures have different properties and uses . Phthalocyanine pigment of the main varieties are copper phthalocyanine blue (CI Pigment Blue 15 ) . Industrial production methods is mainly phthalic anhydride with urea ( also has a direct use of phthalonitrile ) in the presence of ammonium molybdate catalyst , the reaction with cuprous chloride , and the resulting crude product known as ” copper phthalocyanine .” Pigment postprocessing methods, available in different products . If the crude product was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid , and then slowly precipitated in water , can be obtained α -type crystal , which is a blue organic pigment with red ; if the crude product was dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid , and then pass into the small chlorine, the molecule having 1 to 2 chlorine atoms , the resulting product with no chlorine shade than the green number ; if the Barium soap  crude product with dry sodium chloride in a ball mill grinding steady green β crystals obtained products . The crude melt of aluminum chloride and sodium chloride are heated to about 220 ° C , the chlorine , the introduction of the molecule 14 to 16 chlorine atoms , the resulting product is bright green pigment ; such as introducing a small amount of bromine , the resulting product shade more yellow , more vivid.

Metal soap as a stabilizer of some simple

Metal soap as a stabilizer , mainly for the plastics industry , particularly PVC use Metal stearate  more. Stabilizers for PVC , mostly cadmium, barium, calcium, zinc , aluminum, magnesium salts of higher fatty acids , especially stearic acid and lauric acid salts. They play the role of hydrogen chloride acceptor , a carboxyl group and a metal soap PVC replacement reaction of the chlorine atoms , the esterification of PVC stabilized. In most cases, the esterification reaction rate ZnCdPdCaBa. Because cadmium toxicity, have now banned . Zinc soap is best complementary stabilizer, but long-term stability is poor , the price cheaper , non-toxic , can be used in food packaging films . Common Ownership zinc stearate , zinc laurate , … PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing tribasic lead sulfate ( three salt ) , dibasic lead stearate ( two salt ) -based, then add a small amount of lead stearate ( hard lead ) and calcium stearate ( hard calcium ) , may be used tribasic lead sulphate  alone , can be reasonable, made ​​of composite lead salt stabilizer. The toxicity of lead cause for great concern , three salt , two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people , and thus the metal soap -based heat stabilizer ( particularly a lead-free metal soap ) for people concerned , the thermal stability of the metal soap mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat stabilizers in the production aspect is protected by patents , so there is no reported its exact composition and content . Commercial heat stabilizers are commercially available mixture of various compounds . Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect . Meanwhile , in dealing PVC heat stabilizers are required to carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and potassium stearate  consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer .

The main types of PVC

1.pvc generally soft products .
You can use the extruder extruded hoses, cables , wires, etc. ; utilize injection molding machine with a variety of molds can be made of plastic ( 7740 , -270.00 , -3.37 % ) sandals, shoes , slippers , toys, auto parts , etc. 2 . pvc film . pvc mixed with additives , plasticizers , the use of three-roll or four-roll calender and formed into a predetermined thickness  PVC processing aid of a transparent or colored film , with this method of processing film , a calendered film . You can also cut, heat processing, packaging bags , raincoats , tablecloths, curtains , inflatable toys. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and film use. The biaxially oriented film , suffered shrink properties, can be used for shrink packaging 3.pvc coating products. There is pvc artificial leather substrate confused spreads the cloth or paper , and then at 100 degrees or more plasticizing . Pvc first aid can also be rolled into a thin film and then laminated together with the substrate . No artificial leather substrate is directly from the rolling machine rolling into a certain thickness of the soft system sheet , and  PVC foaming board stabilizer then the pressure on the pattern can be. Can be used to make leather luggage , handbags, book covers , sofa cushion and automobile , as well as floor coverings, flooring materials for building 4.pvc foam products. Soft pvc mixing , adding the right amount of foaming agent made ​​of sheet material , the foam molding of foam can be used for foam slippers, sandals , insoles, and shockproof cushion packaging materials. Extruder can also be used as the basis of rigid pvc foam sheet and low profile , alternative timber trial , is a new building was transparent sheet material 5.pvc . pvc impact modifier was added and the organic tin stabilizer , mixing , plasticizing , rolling and a transparent sheet . Use can be made of thin transparent thermoformed containers or for vacuum packaging , is an excellent packaging materials and decoration materials 6.pvc rigid plate and sheet . pvc adding stabilizers, lubricants and fillers , after mixing , the extruder can be hard tube extrusion of various calibres , different pipes , bellows, as the plumbing , water pipes, wire casing or  heat stabilizer for pipe stair railing . Good hot rolled sheet to overlap , the thickness can be made of a rigid plate. Sheet can be cut into a desired shape , and then use a hot air welding pvc welding into a variety of chemically resistant tank, air duct , and containers.

PVC processing aids currently exist some serious problems

Current industry problems are as follows:
1, MBS technology and development is slow, broad market, but the domestic market share is low.
Even after 20 years of development, but the domestic industry is currently only out of MBS entry stage , none of the company’s products can be as a processing aid ACR fully compete with foreign products as existing  PVC processing aid enterprises mostly facing the selection of equipment not advanced enough, synthesis process is unstable , synthetic techniques did not break a series of problems , and even the majority of companies do not own SBR synthetic devices can only buy non- MBS MBS dedicated for the production of styrene-butadiene latex , its product quality can be imagined . At present, the market of products , mostly on price advantage, quality of products used in less demanding PVC products , while in the high-end market , the market share is small, are simply unable to impact the formation of foreign companies . Imports are expected in 2006 will be 5-6 million tons, more than 70% of total demand .
2 , fewer researchers and research institutions , failed to form a  impact modifier scientific and technological force. MBS Although repeatedly been listed as a national scientific and technological projects , but has yet to get a big breakthrough. Mainly due to fewer researchers , science and technology investment less . 75 period , Zhejiang University, worked with Qilu Petrochemical Research Institute signed a cooperation agreement for research projects , but failed to make substantive progress . Is still the industry’s research institutions to conduct their own tests , to seek a breakthrough , but the R & D model with foreign group, compared to the scale of the research team can say relatively amateur . 3 , the current domestic and processing aid ACR ACR impact as close to the level of foreign products , but because calcium stearate  of CPE price constraints , it is difficult to get promotion, to go out and compete for the international market and foreign products would be a good choice, but single product , poor stability will be the industry problems to be solved .

wetting dispersant add program

Wetting the pigment dispersing agent is generally added when the ingredients to make the grinding and dispersion of the pigment surface adsorption, to achieve the desired purpose. If the compound used PVC processing aid  in the non-polar hard dispersed pigment, preferably blended in a small amount first additive resin solution and then mixed with the pigment soaked, so that the application would be more effective.
Pigment dispersion
The dispersion of pigment in the paint process is more complicated, but at least through three processes, namely wet depolymerization (dispersion) and stabilized.
Providing paint pigment production, the production of  barium stearate the pigment particles formed are subtle, and its particle size is generally in between 5nm to 1um, the dispersion system can be formed easily.
But the paint pigment plant put into production, mostly in  the original-sized particles, agglomerates and aggregates mixtures exist.
Primary-particle: a pigment formed in the manufacturing process of associating a single crystal or crystals is relatively fine grain size.
Agglomerates: the original sized particles connected edges and corners, a combination of the structure is relatively loose, large particle group.
Aggregates: a primary-particle combination of two-sided, or the growing crystal surface together, the structure is compact, large particle group.
Most of the pigment agglomerates of Lu cake drying and subsequent formation of a dry mill.
Aggregates of pigment manufacturing process precipitate formed during the curing. Agglomerates and aggregates secondary particles as pigments together.
1, pigment wetting:
Production of the pigment used in paints are generally adsorbed  heat stabilizer for panel surface layer of air and water, the voids between the particles are filled by air, dispersing the pigment in the paint the most important prerequisite is the need to use paints instead of air and moisture, and exposure of the pigment the formation of a new layer on the surface of coated film, which instead of air and moisture with the paints and coating film formed on the surface of the pigment in the process, referred to as pigment wetting process.

PAFC first three outs coagulation process

PAFC is aluminum ( aluminum sulfate ) and iron coagulation hydrolysis , and set them on the merits of a new and efficient coagulant It is also the wastewater treatment coagulant. Well, you know ferric chloride coagulation in the first three kind of how it is played . We take a look at three stages of the coagulation process and the formation of hydraulic conditions alum status .Condensed phases: the liquid is injected into the raw water coagulation tank with rapid coagulation in a very short period of time the plastic flame retardant  process of forming a fine alum , when the water becomes more turbid , it requires water to produce intense turbulence . Beaker experiment should be fast ( 250-300 rev / min ) was stirred for 10-30S, generally no more than 2min.Flocculation stages: yes alum grow thicker process, requiring an appropriate degree of turbulence and sufficient residence time (10-15min), to the later observed sinking slowly gathered a large number of alum to form a clear surface layer . Beaker experiment first with 150 rev / min stirring for about 6 minutes, then 60 cycles / minute to about 4 minutes was stirred in suspension .Settlement stage : it is carried out in the settlement pool floc settlement process , requiring slow water flow , to improve the general efficiency of the use of ramps ( plate ) settling pond , lots of thick alum perianth inclined tube ( plate ) and deposited in the pool wall barrier end of the upper Stearate zinc  water to clarify the water , the rest of the small particle size, density alum side down slowly , while continuing to collide knot large cloud -to-late I basically unchanged . Beaker experiments should be 20-30 rev / min slow stirring for 5 minutes, then 10 minutes of static sink , than measured turbidity . PAFC take aluminum ( such as aluminum sulfate , etc. ) , iron coagulant their respective flotation operation advantageous to improve the PAC coagulation performance ; the high turbidity water and low temperature and low turbidity water purification effect is particularly evident not add alkaline additives or other coagulant .

How to lead the introduction of cyanuric acid production

Cyanuric acid and cyanuric acid lead zinc coated metal  Diamond Blades surface corrosion of the active ingredient. Manufactured before such compounds there are many disadvantages, one containing the low solids in the suspension, resulting in high production costs, the second is not mixed with any foreign ions, if the existence of these from r, there must be an expensive procedure to remove for washing acetic acid catalyst. This article describes the method is very simple, just go Pbo or ZnO with cyanuric acid mixture add enough water to form a paste kneaded, and then applied to this material or l sentence shear dispersion devices built with stick Pinch t) L applied shear, so that no catalyst, both finished one and quickly. Aqueous paste a mouse must be kept as low as possible, but depends on the type  diamond cutting disc of brick to prepare these salts. But in f bowel, J Bu situation, sufficient water must be added to the stick kneaded to produce a paste of body water of 10 to 80% (wt%) between. Converted into cyanuric acid lead or zinc cyanurate desired temperature is 50 to 250 ℃; pressure up to 1 bar with a 10. Suitable for making cyanurate devices are all fair points can be generated with a rotary shear machines, such as turn r machines, mixers, blenders and stick kneading machine, but the machine is particularly suitable for those who are after a reaction from the Dry salt set a device. Cyanuric acid is a tribasic acid, it can be prepared a variety of cyanurate. Such as neutral, acidic and alkaline dihydro lead and zinc dihydrogen. In order to remove the reaction products is also machine grinding  retained in the minimum water, paste body consumes a very small amount of energy.

Fatty acid metal salt production process is mainly a description of some of the content

Fatty acid salt is closely related with people’s lives, and its many types, such as fatty acid sodium salt (soap) is commonly used in detergents, fatty acids and divalent and trivalent metal salts generated by the use of products in aluminium stearate  the industry is very extensive. This paper describes the use of fatty acid alkaline earth metal salts, preparation principles and production technology for the utilization and development of oil companies oil fine chemical products reference. 1 fatty acid salt thereof, in addition to ammonium salts of fatty acids, potassium, sodium, almost all of the carbon chain fatty acid metal salts are not soluble in water, very low solubility in polar solvents, in a non-polar solvent presented in the gel, only the mineral oil and grease can be dissolved. All fatty acid salts have different crysta lead stearate l forms. Melting point fatty acid salt is one of the important indicators of things, its melting point in the range of 1 8 ~ 2 66 ℃, with the fatty acid carbon chain length, degree of saturation and different types of salt and a larger difference. According to statistics, various fatty acid salts of calcium in the largest amount, about 60%, followed by zinc, accounting for about 20%, other about 20 percent of magnesium, lead salts, cadmium salts. The main purpose of fatty acid salts are: 1.1 for the polymer industry, such as carbon chain saturated fatty acid salts of caprylate in polymers is often used as a heat stabilizer, a curing agent and catalyst; carbon  potassium stearate chain saturated fatty acid salts hydrocarbons such as stearic acid salts can be used as the polymer material mold release agents, stabilizers and lubricants, a variety of polyester desired fat ……

Stearic acid Uses

Mainly for the production of stearic acid salts: sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, lead stearate, iron stearate, aluminum stearate, cadmium stearate, potassium stearate, are widely used for making cosmetics, plastic cold increase plasticizers, mold release agents, stabilizers, surfactants, rubber vulcanization accelerator, a waterproofing agent, polishing agent, metal optical brightener  soap, metal mineral flotation agents, softeners, pharmaceuticals, and other organic chemicals. In addition, oil-soluble pigments can be used as a solvent, crayons transfer slip agents, wax polishing agent, stearic acid glycerides such as emulsifiers.
Plastics Industry
Stearic acid is widely used in PVC plastic pipe, plates, profiles, film manufacturing. Of PVC heat stabilizers, has good lubricity and good light and heat stability. The plastic PVC pipe, the stearic acid helps to prevent the heat stabilizer for panel  processing of the “coke” in the PVC film is an effective process to add a heat stabilizer, and can be placed defense storm caused sulfide finished film discoloration.
Rubber Industry
Stearic acid synthesis and processing of the rubber plays an important role in the process. Stearic acid is a natural rubber, synthetic rubber and widely used in latex curing active agent, also used as plasticizers and softeners. In the process of the production of synthetic rubber stearic acid to be added as emulsifier in the manufacture of foam rubber, stearic acid can be used as foaming agent, stearic acid is also used as rubber release agent.
Cosmetic cream and cream for industrial stearic acid skin care products from tribasic lead sulfate  these two types of emulsion, so that it becomes stable white paste. Stearic acid or manufacturing honey and almond milk the main raw material. Stearic acid esters in the cosmetics industry, soap more extensive use

The primary plastic processing aids meaning

Heat stabilizers; mainly used for PVC and other chlorine-containing polymers, will not affect its processing and application, but also to a certain extent, delaying the effect of the thermal decomposition of a class of  Stearate calcium additives. Light stabilizers; Where can inhibit or slow down the aging of optical oxygen substances called ultraviolet light stabilizer or stabilizers. Radical scavenger: is a class of sterically piperidine derivatives light stabilizers, referred to as hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) – aging or photoaging: Molecular Materials prolonged exposure to sunlight or short position the strong fluorescence under ultraviolet light due to the absorption of energy, causing the auto-oxidation reaction, leading to degradation of the polymer, making the products discoloration, brittleness, performance degradation, which can not be reused. This process is called oxidative aging or photoaging light flame retardants; able to increase flame resistance material substance called flame retardants. Most of them are of the Periodic Table V, VII and compound III element burning rate: the sample unit of time means the fluorescent brightener  length of the combustion. Synergistic effect: refers to two or more of the additives used in conjunction with, the total effect is greater than when used alone, the sum of the individual effects. Synergy system: the complex flame retardant with the interaction between the use and thus to improve flame retardant performance system called synergistic effect. Synergy systems commonly antimony – halogen system, phosphorus halide system, phosphorus – nitrogen system. Burning speed: samples per unit time is the length of the combustion. Burning velocity combustion method with horizontal and vertical burning method to measure, too. Oxygen index: is the sample continued to burn like a candle shape when in a nitrogen – oxygen mixture stream in the oxygen content to a minimum. External friction: polymer materials in the molding process, the polymer melt and the friction between the surface processing equipment. Internal friction: forming polymer materials, the molten polymer intermolecular friction. Lubricants; polymer to reduce internal friction and external friction, improved flow of plastic melt, prevent processing of polymeric materials sticking to the equipment, to ensure surface smoothness of the added substance called lubricant. Lubricants: before the ingredients in the plastic processing, the added polymer has a compatibility with a lubricant, and uniformly dispersed into the material, the resin can reduce the friction between the molecules sky lubrication. External lubrication in two ways: one is the time of molding of the polymer material, the lubricant coated on the surface of processing equipment, so that in the melt processing temperature and the metal surface to form a “thin layer” will plastic melt and processing equipment to isolate, without adhering to the device, easy stripping or separating roller; Another is the compatibility with the polymer is very small, in the process it is easy to migrate from the polymer inside On the surface, thereby forming an isolation layer of the material, in the processing of the ingredients are added to aluminium stearate  and dispersed in the plastic, and in the process of migration to the surface, the grease. Release agent: for processing mold and material to be processed completely remain chemically inert substance known as release agent. Foaming; blowing agent can be in a class within a certain viscosity liquid rubber or plastic state, porous structure formed of plastic material.