Titanium broader applications in the plastic

Titanium dioxide for the plastics industry accounted for the second largest proportion of the world’s total demand for titanium dioxide 18% to 20%, in China for plastics titanium dioxide is as high as 25% -26%. Sold on the global market, rutile and anatase titanium dioxide are about more than 500 major categories grades, of which more than 50 are for plastic. Its main application in the PVC foaming board stabilizer   construction steel doors (PVC profiles), plastic auto parts, plastic communication equipment, home appliances and other fields.  Titanium dioxide in plastics applications, in addition to using its high opacity, high strength and other pigments achromatic performance, it can also improve the plastics heat, light, weather resistance, making plastics from ultraviolet light , to improve the mechanical properties of plastic products and electrical properties. Good hiding power of titanium dioxide, produced by the plastic products lighter and thinner. Most plastics are smaller particle size of titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide coating is usually a particle size of 0.2 ~ 0.4μm, while the plastic with titanium dioxide particle size of 0.15 ~ 0.3μm. Outdoor use of plastic products and plastic doors and windows must ensure weather resistance  Diethylene glycol dibenzoate of titanium dioxide, and titanium dioxide is extremely excellent weather resistance. TFCC such high quality titanium dioxide R-699, R-107, R-109 used in plastic products white, heat stabilizers, plasticizers color change; high opacity, excellent flow properties, optimum dispersion; distinguished mechanical properties and UV stability. TFCC titanium dioxide R-906, R-909 used in coating without grinding fine particles can be directly dispersed, high hiding power, color white.  Such a wide range of applications of titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide maybe someone will worry if there is any harm, the consequences will be organic pigments  more serious. Professionals have pointed dioxide toxic to humans, if any, is the manufacturer of titanium dioxide production process of packaging workers dust hazards, or use titanium dioxide units in the process of dumping causing dust hazards. Experts pointed out that the titanium dioxide production process should pay attention to the fire and poisoning. If the package Mifengbuyan, or careless operation, broken or leaking containers, it may lead to toxic substances through the mouth, nose, skin and invade the body, causing varying degrees of risk of poisoning.

Energetic Materials and Pyrotechnics typically use plasticizers

Propellant, one can improve the physical properties of the adhesive itself or, on the iron oxide red  other hand also be used as auxiliary fuel, per unit mass of fuel provided to enhance the propulsion force (i.e., impulse). In the solid rocket propellant and smokeless powder in particular need to improve the physical properties of the plasticizer or enhance specific impulse. Propellant, one can improve the physical properties of the adhesive itself or, on the other hand also be used as auxiliary fuel, per unit mass of fuel provided to enhance the propulsion force (i.e., impulse). In the solid rocket propellant and smokeless powder in particular need to improve the physical properties of the plasticizer or enhance specific impulse. Enhance specific impulse energetic plasticizer plasticizer generally known (energetic plasticizer). The advantage is to reduce the  iron oxide black propellant mass, increased rocket payload or enhance its maximum speed. But sometimes because of safety or cost factors, will still not be able to use to enhance the specific impulse of plasticizer. Space shuttle solid rocket booster fuel is generally called a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) synthetic rubber as its plasticizer.

 

aluminum sulfate removal of heavy metal fluoride contamination

Wastewater containing fluoride and heavy metal pollution of water pollution in the  oxidized PE WAX two pollution hazards for humans and the environment can not be overlooked. The aluminum sulfate is such a common coagulant can remove heavy metals in sewage and fluorine pollution. Aluminum sulfate application in heavy metal wastewater Aluminum sulfate is actually a heavy metal chelating agent to polymer processing technology of heavy metals and inorganic fluorine reagent processing technology combined with an extremely simple approach. And symbiotic aluminum sulfate precipitation method using the principle, containing arsenic, fluorine and heavy metals and heavy metal waste generated by adjusting the pH precipitation method symbiosis removed. Fluorine treatment of aluminum sulfate Application Fluorine-containing high concentrations of aluminum sulfate or larger flow of wastewater, if the yellow iron oxide  individual dosing calcium fluoride, precipitation is very slow, and the flocculant alone will increase the cost of processing, so common is the first use of chemical precipitation, aluminum sulfate then adsorbent or coagulant treatment, so fluorine content dropped 10 mg / L or less. Chemical precipitation method is relatively simple, easy to handle, low cost effective, mainly for treatment of high concentration fluoride wastewater. Coagulation law generally applies only to lower fluoride wastewater treatment. Adsorption method is mainly applied to a small quantity of process water. Heavy metals in wastewater treatment technology and precipitation, soda sulphide, iron salt method, chelate resin method, etc. are the most frequently used and aluminum sulfate precipitation method. Currently both aluminum sulfate and heavy metal fluoride removal from wastewater and examples of new technologies, but are rare. The use of  plastic processing aid polymer heavy metal chelating agent / inorganic reagents while removing heavy metals from wastewater and fluorine. Aluminum sulfate as a chemical coagulant, may be used for the treatment of waste water containing fluorine is low, the adsorption of heavy metal pollution of subsidence. The large amount of fluoride wastewater treatment, you can use aluminum sulfate plus lime, or together constitute polyacrylamide coagulant chemical adsorption precipitation treatment method for processing.

How to detect the purity aluminum potassium sulfate and its components

Potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate is a product  PVC impact modifier of the same is acidic chemicals, have adsorption sedimentation, coagulation and sedimentation in water treatment agent. Then for measuring it, is not it the same?
Potassium aluminum sulfate Detection
For the detection of the purity aluminum potassium sulfate is usually generated using barium chloride, barium sulphate precipitation. Testing the purity of aluminum potassium sulfate, he first dissolved in water, if barium chloride, in that the resulting precipitate sulfate not only impurities (not complete reaction of aluminum sulfate or potassium sulfate), aluminum potassium sulfate is also out of the ionization ah. Then a semi-permeable membrane filtration filter can be removed alum gel. Using the  PVC heat stabilizer for window mass of barium sulfate (precipitated barium sulfate) to obtain the sulfate ion amount of material, in turn, can calculate the mass of potassium aluminum sulfate, aluminum sulfate can calculate the mass fraction of potassium
How to detect the composition of aluminum potassium sulfate
In the laboratory, how should we determine potassium alum ionic components it contains? 1, test sulfate: with BaCl2 solution, a white precipitate, adding HNO3 insoluble. 2, inspection Al3 +: addition of NaOH produce amorphous white flocculent precipitate is dissolved in excess, leads to CO2 reappeared. 3, test K +: Add sodium tetraphenylborate, a precipitate is proved K +. Add NaClO4 also produced a white precipitate. Or flame reaction can also be used, boron beads experiments are also available.
For potassium aluminum sulfate component detection methods, the Dioctyl phthalate  same applies to the aluminum sulfate and ammonium alum water for testing. This is because they have adsorption, can produce gel deposition, and chemical raw materials with similar properties. However, the choice of the detection agent will be somewhat different.

non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers some introductory

This article describes the mechanism of thermal decomposition of PVC heat stabilizers and mechanism of action . Comprehensive analysis of the types of PVC heat stabilizers and technical status quo ! Pointed out titanium dioxide rutile  that no heavy metals hydrotalcite ! Rare earth compound heat stabilizer and will become the dominant species .
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC is second only to the world ‘s second-largest synthetic resin production over 90,000 , however , PVC there are some difficult to overcome the shortcomings of poor thermal stability which was most prominent. PVC due to poor thermal stability , softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small , has caused great difficulties to the process , so the machining process must be a certain amount of heat stabilizer in order to improve its thermal stability. Currently , the largest amount of lead salt heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and to ensure sustainable development in mind , people’s awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore , low toxicity , no pollution, has become a  Plastic chemical complex and efficient PVC heat stabilizers direction of development.
Analysis of the thermal stability of PVC resin
PVC in 1972 to complete the laboratory synthesis, is one of the earliest synthetic thermoplastics , with difficult to burn , good mechanical properties , low prices , abundant source of raw materials , synthetic process maturity and other characteristics, widely used in construction , telecommunications, transportation , electronics, chemicals , packaging and other industries. pvc or subjected to high energy in the heat radiation, such as ultraviolet light “effect occurs under the autocatalytic reaction hcl off , the thermal decomposition  titanium dioxide anatase mechanism generally believed that there are three kinds . oxygen environment of the free radical mechanism ; ( 2 ) under a nitrogen atmosphere ionic mechanism ; ( 3 ) of the single vacuum molecular mechanisms that affect the thermal decomposition pvc chain structure is the main factor , means branched , double, allyl chloride , head structure , and molecular weight conjugated double bonds “in influence ; addition , oxygen , HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact .

PVC heat stabilizers tribasic lead sulfate some simple exposition

The first part to introduce the coating amount of tribasic lead sulfate on the thermal stability. Then this one to introduce lead salt concentration of PVC heat stabilizers performance. It can be seen as the lead concentration of the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  solution ( in PbO dollars) from 300 g / L to 400 g / L, thermal stabilization time from 65 minutes to 72 minutes , followed by an increase as the concentration of thermal stabilization time is no longer growing , tends to level up to 500 g / L, which then began to decrease. Pb concentration is too low , inevitably prolonged coating time to affect production capacity , is not conducive to the formation of a good coating layer is too high or if the lead concentration dropped fast , can cause local too thick , the first portion and the second portion respectively, to Glycrin monostearate  introduce the PVC heat stabilizers tribasic Lead sulfate process to take a factor. This section, to introduce two kinds of factors , they are: the ratio of water and slurry over time effects on the thermal stability ; reaction temperature on the thermal stability of time effects .First, the ratio of water and slurry over time effects on the thermal stabilityMeans the ratio of water to an aqueous suspension of the filler in water and the weight ratio of inert filler . Means the ratio of the filler slurry is an aqueous suspension of the water and the weight percent concentration of inert filler .The following table shows the ratio of water and slurry concentration on  liquid stabilizer the thermal stability of the effect of time can not be uniformly coated on each of inert filler particles , thus affecting the heat stabilizers thermal stabilization time .

plastic lubricant dispersant

 Lubricant is a broad concept. According to their different functions, the lubricant for the following three categories: (1) to reduce the friction between the particles to improve the powder flowability of the processing aid  materials, also known as glidants glidants); (2) to prevent the adhesion of raw materials to punch surface of the material, also known as anti-adhesion agent antiadherents); (3) to reduce the particle or tablet) with the friction between the die hole wall accessories, this is the real sense of the lubricant. An ideal lubricant should be both of the flow aid, anti-sticking and lubrication three roles, the lubricant in the currently available yet no such ideal lubricant, are often one or two aspects of a relatively good performance, but other effects are relatively poor.
Type of dispersant fatty acids, fatty amides, and esters
Stearamide and used with higher alcohol can improve lubricity and thermal stability, the PVC heat stabilizer for profile  amount (mass fraction) 0.3% -0.8%, the slip agent may be polyolefin; hexenyl bis hard fat acid amides, also known as ethylene bis-stearamide (EBS), the lubricant is a high melting point, the amount of 0.5% to 2%; glyceryl monostearate (GMS), glyceryl tristearate (HTG); oleic acid 0.2% to 0.5% of the amount; hydrocarbon wax solid, mp 57 ~ 7
0 ℃, insoluble in water, soluble in an organic solvent, the resin dispersibility, compatibility, poor thermal stability, the dosage is generally 0.5% or less paraffinic
Although the wax is external lubricant, but straight-chain non-polar hydrocarbon, not wet the metal surface, such as polyvinyl chloride resin that does not prevent adhesion of metal walls, only, and stearic acid, calcium stearate and  dibasic lead phosphite used, in order to achieve synergy
(Nujol): Freezing Point -15 ¯ -35 ℃, the extrusion and injection molding processing, the compatibility with the resin
Poor

Application of wetting dispersing aids

The base of the pigment in the paint wetting and dispersing is an  plastic flame retardant important process in the manufacture of paints, paint wetting dispersing additives on the quality of a great movie
Rang. Wet grinding and dispersion of dispersing agents can shorten the time and reduce energy consumption, to ensure a steady state dispersion coating, the coating of the many performance plays a decisive role.
Pigment dispersion is a group of the secondary particles and agglomerates of aggregates broken into finer abrasive particles or primary particle size, it
Become a stable dispersion suspension. Yan moist grain: It is the process of changing the surface properties of the pigment, the pigment surface remove adsorbed water and air, to change its polarity, lower liquid / solid interface between the  whitening agent tension and increase the affinity for pigments and paints. Humectant is in the role of this phase additives. Wetting agent is to improve the effectiveness of the pigment dispersing surfactant wetting agent.

metal soap stabilizers introduction of some simple

Metal soap stabilizersMetal soap stabilizer means: barium, cadmium, zinc , calcium, lead , magnesium, aluminum salts of higher fatty acids , commonly used for the first four is Ba, Cd, Zn, Ca stearate , laurate salt , castor oil acid . Such stabilizers have lubricity , are generally used in conjunction .Cd, Zn soaps of a similar nature , and Ba, Ca, Mg soaps have similar properties , these  optical brightener two are significant synergistic effects, such as general- Ba-Cd-Zn, resistant vulcanized Ba-Zn, no toxin type Ca-Zn, these hybrid type is a composite powder or liquid .1 , barium soaps Stabilizer: good thermal stability and light stability is poor, often with Cd, Zn soap and epoxy plasticizers, organic phosphites with the use of toxic , for transparent products.Barium Stearate : white powder , thermal stability, slip resistance, good transparency , but ” precipitation ” and ” blooming ” serious, often with Cd, Zn and use .Barium laurate : Self- colored powder , smooth poor, ” precipitation ” and ” blooming ” less , and Cd soap and use good effect .Ricinoleic acid barium : pale yellow powder, slightly inferior thermal stability , but excellent weatherability , and Cd soap with good results .2 , cadmium soap stabilizer : stabilizer is transparent , toxic, light stability, heat stability.Cadmium stearate : white powder , the long-term heat resistance , light stability , transparency, and good lubricity , intolerance sulfide contamination , strong toxicity .Cadmium laurate : white powder , and stearic acid cadmium similar somewhat less lubricity . Ricinoleic acid Cadmium: white powder , the best weather resistance , and the like cadmium stearate . Benzoic acid Cadmium: white powder, slip differential . Transparency in cadmium soaps best . 3 , calcium soap stabilizer : the initial coloring, long-term heat resistance, resistance to sulfur staining , non-toxic , good lubricity , poor  aluminum stearate weather resistance and transparency .Calcium stearate : White powder, smoothness of the best dosage for a long time easy to precipitate , weather resistance , transparency and poor , non-toxic , compatibility, better mobility . With soap and epoxy compounds with cadmium , increase transparency, and about 0.1 parts of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate and used , can pvc products by a reddish white.Castor oil calcium : calcium stearate and similar4 , zinc soap stabilizer : the initial non-colored , transparent , long-term heat resistance , the amount is too  aluminum soap large, easy to make the degradation of the resin , resulting in spots.Zinc stearate : self-colored powder , and good resistance to sulfide contamination , and cooperate with non-toxic calcium soap stabilizer. Poor thermal stability, the amount should be controlled .Zinc octoate : white viscous material , and zinc stearate similar .5, the compound type stabilizer : Liquid barium / cadmium stabilizers, Liquid Ba / Cd / Zn stabilizer liquid calcium / zinc stabilizers , sometimes in the composite system by adding antioxidants , organic phosphites , polyols, epoxidized soybean oil as a chelating agent or auxiliary stabilizers.6, the other : magnesium zinc compound such as 2 parts of magnesium oxide and 3 parts of zinc oxide in the presence of 2 parts of stearic acid , its thermal stability is good, odorless , non-toxic , easily dispersed, no sulfur contamination can reduce the amount of .

composite metal stearates adhesion promoter

Relates to a metal – rubber adhesion of the composite metal stearates method  PVC heat stabilizer for window adhesion promoting agent , the reaction raw materials, including cobalt sulfate , soda ash , solvent oil and stearic acid , which is characterized in that at least the addition of a reactant calcium and / or zinc and / or nickel metal compound to obtain the composite metal stearates adhesion promoter . The method is first made alkaline carbonate , and the precipitate was washed with water until no CO ↓ [3] ↑ [2 -] SO ↓ [4] ↑ [2 -] Alternate ; the wet basic carbonate directly with the hardware oil fatty acid in a solvent , the reaction temperature is 40 ~ 230 ℃, reaction time 16 to 24 hours ; when the reaction temperature reached 90 ± 5 ℃ when the election with metal oxides , at 97 ~ 140 ℃ azeotropic dehydration , water separator under reflux , at 140 ~ 180 ℃ solvent recovery , 180 ± 5 ℃ solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residual water to give the product . The tribasic lead sulphate  present invention successfully using other metal parts to replace the metal cobalt , greatly reducing the production costs of the product .